Peace News

 ( 1936 Establishments In The United Kingdom ) 

Some contributors were so sympathetic to the grievances of Nazi Germany that one sceptical member found it difficult to distinguish between letters to Peace News and those in the newspaper of the British Union of Fascists.Frank McDonough, Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War, Manchester University Press, 1998 The historian Mark Gilbert has argued that "With the exception of Action, the journal of the British Union of Fascists, it is hard to think of another British newspaper which was so consistent an apologist for Nazi Germany as Peace News."Mark Gilbert, "Pacifist attitudes to Nazi Germany, 1936-45", Journal of Contemporary History, January 1992, Vol. 27, pp. 493–511. However, Juliet Gardiner has noted that Peace News also urged the British government to give sanctuary to Jewish refugees from Nazism.Juilet Gardiner, The Thirties: An Intimate History. HarperPress, 2010, p. 501. The fact that some PN contributors were supporting appeasement and excusing Nazi actions caused PN contributor David Spreckley to express fears that "in their scramble for peace", they were gaining "some questionable allies".Peace News, 10 November 1939 (p. 9), quoted in Martin Ceadel, Semi-Detached Idealists:the British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1854-1945 Oxford University Press, 2000 (p. 398).

Sales of Peace News peaked at around 40,000 during the so-called Phoney War between September 1939 and May 1940. In that month in the face of demands in parliament for the banning of the paper, the printer and distributors stopped working with Peace News. However, with help from the typographer Eric Gill, Hugh Brock and many others, Moore continued to publish Peace News and arrange for distribution around the UK.

Humphrey Moore’s emphasis on Peace News having a single-minded anti-war policy was increasingly being challenged. Others wanted greater emphasis on building a peaceful society once hostilities ended. In 1940 the PPU asked Moore to step aside in the post of assistant editor (which post he held until 1944), and appointed John Middleton Murry as editor."Peace News" in Peter Barberis, John McHugh & Mike Tyldesley (eds), Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations. Continuum, 2005, (p. 344). By 1946 Murry had abandoned pacifism and resigned.

Hugh Brock took on the role of assistant editor of Peace News in 1946 and became editor in 1955, lasting until 1964. During his period of tenure the magazine separated from the PPU as it had widened its focus into areas not directly related to absolute pacifism. Peace News in the 1940s published material from American journalist Dwight MacdonaldMichael Doyle, Radical Chapters: Pacifist Bookseller Roy Kepler and the Paperback Revolution.Syracuse University Press, 2012. (p. 84). and Maurice Cranston (later to become a noted philosopher). Obituary:Professor Maurice Cranston Alan Eden-Green, The Independent, 10 November 1993. Retrieved 21 April 2011.

From the 1940s on, Peace News began to take a strongly critical line towards British rule in Kenya.Stephen Howe, Anticolonialism in British politics: The Left and the End of Empire, 1918-1964, Clarendon Press, 1993, pp. 206, 239. The magazine also established links with African anti-colonial activists Kwame Nkrumah and Kenneth Kaunda, and " Peace News′ close involvement with the anti-apartheid struggle...led to the banning of the paper in South Africa in 1959".Chester and Rigby, p. 15. During the 1950s, Peace News contributors included such noted activists as André Trocmé, Martin Niemöller, Fenner Brockway, A. J. Muste, Richard B. Gregg, Alex Comfort, Donald Soper, Michael Scott, MPs Leslie Hale and Emrys Hughes, Muriel Lester, Wilfred Wellock,"Peace News-the World Pacifist Weekly" (Advertisement on back cover of pamphlet NATO: A Critical Examination of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, by Roy Sherwood, 1956). and Esmé Wynne-Tyson.Chester and Rigby, p. 138.

The magazine campaigned against nuclear weapons, often working with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.Chester and Rigby, p. 69. During this period Brock brought to Peace News "a staff of writer-activists committed to developing Gandhian nonviolence action in the anti-militarist cause", including Pat Arrowsmith, Richard Boston, April Carter, Alan Lovell, Michael Randle, Adam Roberts and the American Gene Sharp.Chester and Rigby, p. 31. Brock's successor in 1964 was Theodore Roszak.Richard K. S. Taylor, Against the Bomb: the British Peace Movement, 1958-1965. Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 118, 271. In the same year, a Caribbean Quaker and PN writer, Marion Glean, "contributed to a series of statements by post-colonial activists on 'race' in the run-up to the 1964 election, published by Theodore Roszak, editor of Peace News."Kalbir Shukra, The Changing Pattern of Black Politics in Britain. Pluto Press, 1998, p. 20.Ron Ramdin, The Making of the Black Working Class, Gower, 1987, p. 418. After the election, Glean helped bring together several activists, including David Pitt, C. L. R. James and Ranjana Ash to form the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination. Throughout the 1960s, Peace News covered issues such as opposition to the Vietnam War and the Biafran issue in the Nigerian Civil War. The magazine's coverage of the Vietnam War was notable for its support for the protests of the Vietnamese Buddhists, who it argued could become a nonviolent "Third Force" independent of both the Saigon and Hanoi governments.Chester and Rigby, p. 19. Peace News also ran lengthy analysis of left-wing thinkers, including E.P. Thompson's two-part study of C. Wright Mills"C. Wright Mills: The Responsible Craftsman", Peace News 22 November 1963 and 29 November 1963. Reprinted in slightly different form in Thompsons' The Heavy Dancers (1995) and Theodore Roszak's assessment of Lewis Mumford.Theodore Roszak, "Mumford and the Megamachine", Peace News, 29 December 1967.

In the same year Peace News criticised the attempt to ban the sex education book The Little Red Schoolbook, and reprinted extensive extracts from the publication in the magazine.D. Limond, The UK Edition of The Little Red Schoolbook: A paper tiger reflects, Sex Education, 14 December 2011.

In 1972 Peace News co-editor Howard Clark, after meeting activists from the Canadian Greenpeace boats, initiated the group that became London Greenpeace, at first campaigning against French nuclear tests.

In 1973 Peace News played a central role in launching the British Withdrawal from Northern Ireland Campaign (BWNIC) and in supporting the "BWNIC 14", fourteen activists, including a member of the Peace News collective, charged with "conspiracy to incite disaffection" via a leaflet "Some Information for Discontented Soldiers". After an 11-week trial, a jury acquitted the BWNIC 14 in 1975, although two members of Peace News collective were fined for helping two AWOL soldiers go to Sweden."British Withdrawal from Northern Ireland Campaign" in Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations by Peter Barberis, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley. London : Continuum, 2005, (p.330).

In 1974, together with Nicholas Albery of BIT Information Service, Peace News began publishing the Community Levy for Alternative Projects, an invitation to supply funds for, generally, fledgling alternative projects, partly targeting shops and businesses that identified with counter-cultural ideas and aspirations.Peter Shipley, Revolutionaries in Modern Britain, Bodley Head, 1976, (p. 203)

In August 1974, Peace News published a special edition revealing and printing in full Colonel David Stirling's plans to establish a strike-breaking "private army", "Great Britain 1975". By arrangement The Guardian led with this story on the day of publication, Peace News won the 1974 "Scoop of the Year" award from Granada Television.Chester and Rigby, p. 23.Stephen Dorril and Robin Ramsey, Smear! Wilson and the Secret State, Fourth Estate, 1991, p. 267.

In 1978, Peace News, together with The Leveller magazine, revealed the identity of Colonel B, a witness in the ABC trial. Peace News fought its conviction for "contempt of court" right up to appeal in the House of Lords, where the Lord Chief Justice's "guilty" verdict was finally overturned.

In 1995, Peace News and the Campaign Against Arms Trade were jointly sued for libel by the Covert & Operational Procurement Exhibition (COPEX) for repeating allegations that the exhibition was serving as a meeting place for buyers and sellers of torture implements. The High Court struck out the case when COPEX failed to show in court and the peace groups were awarded costs. "In 1995/96, PN successfully fought off a libel case brought by COPEX, a British high tech and arms exhibition organiser." "10.3. Peace News" in War Resisters' International Office Report 1994-1998, 1998

• How the War came by Philip Kerr, Marquess of Lothian, c. 1941.
• Muslims of India and the Muslim League. Howard Whitten, c. 1942.
• The Unknown Soldier by Harry Emerson Fosdick,(Reprint) 1943.
• The Economics of Peace by John Middleton Murry, 1943.
• Victory for Humanity. An American proposal for constructive peace by Albert Wentworth Palmer, 1943.
• Youth Registration and Education. A comment on first reports of the 1941 registration. Donald Tait and Marjorie Tait, 1943.
• Liberty in the War by Denis Hayes, 1943.
• Pacifists over the World by Harold F. Bing, 1943.
• Forced Labour in the Colonies by J.W. Cowling, 1943.
• Food Relief in the Second World War by Roy Walker, 1943.
• Citizens in Jail by Roger Page, 1943.
• Negotiation in Practice. Some facts about international communications in time of war by Humphrey S. Moore, 1943.
• Gandhi and the Viceroy. Extracts from the letters which led up to Gandhi's twenty-one day's fast in February, by Mohandas Gandhi (reprint) 1943.
• Big Powers and Little Powers: A Parable by Laurence Housman, 1944.
• "I work to outlaw war" by Henry Hilditch, 1944.
• Law Versus War by Vera Brittain, 1944.
• Non-Violence now by Roy Walker, 1944.
• Pacifism on the doorstep by Michael Lee, 1944.
• Versailles to Munich by John Scanlon, 1944.
• Science, wisdom and war by Alexander Wood, 1944.
• A Problem for the Gentiles: On Anti-Semitism by James Parkes, 1944.
• Laugh it off!: war-time buns from the gutter by "Owlglass" 1944.
• Are Pacifists Mistaken? by Patrick Figgis, 1945.
• Military Conscription After the War?
• The Indian problem by A.K. Jameson, 1945.
• Non-violence goes Latin by Devere Allen, 1946.
• Humbug for Hodge by John Middleton Murry, 1946.
• The Deeper Challenge of the Atom Bomb by Alexander Wood, 1946.
• Peace and Disobedience by Alex Comfort, 1946.
• The Police Idea by Stuart Denton Morris, 1946.
• America's great social problem by Sydney Dawson Bailey, 1947.
• Facts About Atomic Energy by Kathleen Lonsdale, 1947.
• India Gets Her Freedom by Samar Ranjan Sen, 1948.
• Pacifism and the free society : a reply to John Middleton Murry by Edgar Leonard Allen, 1948.
• Over to Pacifism by Garry Davis, 1949.
• The Right Thing to Do: Together with The Wrong Thing to Do by Alex Comfort, 1949.
• East and West by Heinz Kraschutzki, 1949.

• Power or Peace : Western industrialism and World leadership, by Wilfred Wellock, 1950.
• Pacifism and the political struggle by Donald Port, 1950.
• The challenge of our times :annihilation or creative revolution? by Wilfred Wellock, 1951.
• Guns for the Germans? The arguments for and against German rearmament by Basil Davidson, 1951.
• Japan for Peace or War?:The Case Against Remilitarising Japan by Basil Davidson, 1951.
• Gandhi : the practical peace-builder by John S. Hoyland, 1952.
• Social responsibility in science and art by Alex Comfort, 1952.
• That which essentially belongs to man by Stuart Morris and Reginald Reynolds, 1952 (published with War Resisters International).
• Plain words on war by Sybil Morrison, 1952.
• Defence without arms : a psychologist examines non-violent resistance by Dorothy Glaiste, 1952.
• Far Eastern time fuse : the Japanese Peace Treaty: what it says and what it really means by the Union of Democratic Control and Peace Pledge Union; distributed by Peace News. 1952.
• Empire in crisis : a survey of conditions in the British colonies today by Fenner Brockway, 1953.
• Iron hand and wooden head: British Guiana; an indictment of Mr. Oliver Lyttelton by Emrys Hughes, 1953.
• Egypt: cross-road on a world highway by Hugh Joseph Schonfield, 1953.
• Neutrality: Germany's way to peace by Canon Stuart Morris, 1953.
• The Problem of Peace by Albert Schweitzer, 1954.
• The Camp of Liberation by Abraham John Muste 1954.
• The Third Camp by John Banks, 1954.
• Waging peace: The need for a change in British policy by Richard Acland, 1954.
• Security through disarmament by Sybil Morrison (1954)
• The "Peace News" story: Pioneering in pacifist journalism, with a practical guide for propagandists by Harry Mister (1954)
• Freedom for Cyprus by Christopher Lake, 1956.
• Truth About Kenya: An Eye-Witness Account by Eileen Fletcher, 1956.
• Nato : a critical examination of the North Atlantic treaty organisation by Roy Sherwood
• What is happening in Vietnam? by John Chinnery, 1956.
• Bechuanaland. What Seretse Khama exile means Edited by G. Sharp. Published with the Movement for Colonial Freedom, 1956.
• It Isn't True : some popular fallacies about pacifism and war by Stuart Morris and Sybil Morrison. Foreword by Vera Brittain, c. 1956.
• The Arm of the Law : the United Nations and the use of force by Canon Stuart Morris, 1957.
• Hazards of nuclear tests by Dr. Lionel Sharples Penrose, ( with the Medical Association for the Prevention of War) 1957.
• Unarmed. Some consequences of total disarmament. by Standing Joint Pacifist Committee, 1957.
• Bertrand Russell introduces Labour and the H-bomb by Emrys Hughes and Bertrand Russell, 1958.
• Tyranny could not quell them : how Norway's teachers defeated Quisling during the Nazi occupation and what it means for unarmed defence today by Gene Sharp, 1958.
• From Arrows to Atoms : a Catholic voice on the morality of war by Ciaran Mac an Fhaili, 1959.
• Towards a non-violent society : a study of some social implications of pacifism by J. Allen Skinner, 1959.

• 1 in 5 must know by James Cameron, c. 1960.
• Race Relations in Great Britain by Vernon Waughray, 1961.
• Some psychological aspects of disarmament by Hildegard Forres, 1961.
• The Truth about Polaris by Adam Robers, c. 1961.
• Direct action by April Carter, 1962.
• Political prisoners in Greece by Christopher Lake, 1962.
• Nuclear testing and the arms race by Adam Roberts, 1962.
• The Common Market : a challenge to unilateralists by April Carter, 1962.
• The Century of Total War by Hugh Brock, 1962.
• Nonviolent Resistance : men against war by Nicolas Walter, 1963.
• On the duty of civil disobedience by Henry David Thoreau, (Reprint: Introduced by Gene Sharp) 1963.
• Letter to a Hindu by Leo Tolstoy (Reprint), 1963.
• Civilian Defence by Adam Roberts (foreword by Alastair Buchan), 1964.
• The anatomy of foreign aid by Sidney Lens, 1965.
• To Keep the Peace; the United Nations peace force by Geoffrey Carnall, 1965.
• Peace is Milk: Peace News Poets by Adrian Mitchell, 1966.
• Vietnam, the political case for military withdrawal by Russell Johnson, 1967.
• Wichita Vortex Sutra: Peace News Poets by Allen Ginsberg, 1969.
• A Message to the Military Industrial Complex by Paul Goodman, 1969.
• Revolution and Violence by Mulford Q. Sibley, 1969.
• On War, National Liberation, and the State by Nigel Young, 1971.
• The Buddhists in Vietnam: Reality and Response by Laura Hassler, 1972.
• War Games by Nigel Gray and Ken Sprague, 1974.
• Making Nonviolent Revolution by Howard Clark, 1977 (1st edition), 1981 (2nd edition), 2012 (3rd edition).
• Taking Racism Personally: white anti-racism at the crossroads, by Keith Motherson et al., 1978.

• From Protest to Resistance: the direct action movement against nuclear weapons edited by Ross Bradshaw, Dennis Gould and Chris Jones, 1981.
• The Anti-Nuclear Songbook by Anonymous, illustrated by Pat Gregory, 1982.
• It'll Make a Man of You: A feminist view of the arms race, Penny Strange, 1983, co-published with Mushroom Bookshop.
• Preparing for Nonviolent Direct Action by Howard Clark, Sheryl Crown, Angela McKee and Hugh MacPherson, 1984 (a joint publication of Peace News and CND).
• Too Much Pressure: Cartoons by "Brick", edited and designed by Kathy Challis, 1986.
• Against All War: Fifty Years of Peace News, 1936-1986 by Albert Beale, 1986.
• How Britain was sold : why the US bases came to Britain by Andy Thomas and Ben Lowe, 1987.
• Children Don't Start Wars by David Gribble, 2010.
• Toward a Living Revolution: A five-stage framework for creating radical social change by George Lakey, 2012.
• The March that Shook Blair: An Oral History of 15 February 2003 by Ian Sinclair, 2013.
• ''The Hammer Blow: How 10 Women Disarmed A Warplane by Andrea Needham, 2016.

• Peace News home page
• Back issues: 1936-1950 and 1951-2001 at Internet Archive